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ssh ssh is available on all UNIX and Linux servers.  We do not use telnet because telnet make our servers vulnerable to hackers.  We recommend QVT/Term as the ssh client. Useful UNIX Commands1   Function ls List the contents of the directory, filenames with "*" means they are executable, names with "/" menas they are directories ls -l List the contents of the directory, the long format; this is what you use to determine the permission settings for each file and directory. drwxr-xr-x - means this is a directory which has Read/Write/Execute permission for the owner, Read/Execute for the group and other -rw-r--r-- - means this is a file which has Read/Write permission for the owner, Read only for group and other -rwxr-x--- - means this is a file which has Read/Write/Execute permission for the owner, Read/Execute for the group and no permission for other; this is pretty secure, but the web server will not be able to see this file, which means you cannot access this file via the web cd directory Change directory to directory, if directory is blank, UNIX assumes that you want to change directory to your Home Directory chmod 755 Change the permission to Read/Write/Execute (7) for owner, Read/Execute (5) for group and other, use this for directories and CGI files chmod 644 Change the permission to Read/Write (6) for owner, Read only (4) for group and other, use this for HTML files man command Get online help for the command UNIX command emacs filename Run emacs, the UNIX text editor, to edit (or create) filename Useful emacs Commands1   Function [CTRL]x [CTRL]c Exit and save file [CTRL]x [CTRL]s Save file [CTRL]x [CTRL]z Suspend operation and goto shell command line (type fg to return to emacs [CTRL]v Page down [ESC]v Page up [CTRL]g Terminate command - anytime you hit something wrong, just use this a few times [ESC]x goto-line[ENTER] number Jump to line number [ESC] < Jump to begining of file [ESC] > Jump to end of file [ESC]x undo[ENTER] Undo last change [ESC]x help[ENTER] Get Emacs online help __________________ 1 UNIX is case sensitive, i.e. upper case letters and lower case letters are different